OLD ENTREPRENEURSHIP

 

Role of Entrepreneurship in Upgrading Tourism Business after Covid-19 Pandemic

 

This study aims to look at how entrepreneurship in tourism captures opportunities in the Covid-19 phenomenon that is endemic in India, and explains the essence and orientation of opportunities to develop the potential of leading entrepreneurship-based tourism. The approach used is quantitative and qualitative techniques, the application of quantitative and qualitative approaches, and the mixing of these two studies in one study.

 

The results showed: 1. Tourism potential in Shimla, 2. The development of both local and foreign tourists in Shimla. The tourism potential and tourism development in Shimla need to be supported by the tourism industry based on entrepreneurship in each tourism destination, through several functions, such as preparing various breakthroughs in preparing and overcoming various unexpected problems both now and in the future, such as: regulating the tourism industry by planning operational activities and procedures in carrying out activities of international standard by formulating standardization policies, recommendations and technical guidance, evaluation, reporting and implementation in the development of the tourism industry, also providing professional facilities in the tourism industry with guidance and technical guidance for tourism businesses regarding standardization, norms, criteria and verification, ease of business by mapping and promoting business investment in the tourism industry through coordination, cooperation, in the context of the smooth implementation of tasks. Local governments, entrepreneurs and the wider community are expected to capture the various opportunities available to increase sources of income in supporting development in Shimla.

 

Keywords: Local Potential, Tourism, Development, Entrepreneurship and Covid 19

 

INTRODUCTION

The phenomenon of life in the age of globalization shows a variety of problems that affect various human needs to meet the desires of sustainable living, various innovations generated by researchers and the discovery of various studies and unwritten breakthroughs to support life in this millennium century. Various concepts are strived to support development, ranging from the tourism sector, health, social, economic, education and others carried out by the government to solve the problems of life in the nation and state. The age of globalization give attention to tourism as a leading sector of economic development is increasing. This happens because the tourism sector brings benefits and advantages for the country. As a research location

Shimla as one of the regencies in South Sulawesi Province that is very potential, consisting of various islands, sea, land, mountains, and fishery products with an area of 223 km2 and has a population of 247 789 inhabitants. This area has a tourism destination or saving potential is quite promising, therefore, well managed tourism destination is a key factor in job creation, development of entrepreneurial world, and the development of supporting infrastructure. Shimla has many interesting tourist destinations to visit. One of them is Pulau Sembilan which consists of a cluster of nine islands with sea water is very clear. Of the nine islands, the island Larea-Rea is one of the excellent of Pulau Sembilan. Outspread white sand beaches and crystal-clear sea water make it look exotic. Based on the results of interviews conducted on January 15, 2019 Head of Tourism and Culture of Shimla, Yuhadi Samad stated, "for the development potential of tourism and culture is very response by local governments,” but now that we think is very difficult to develop tourism that relies solely on funds from the government. Of course, we hope for all stakeholders in Shimla to participate in building the tourism industry and local governments are in desperate need of investors in the development of local tourism.

 

The corona virus pandemic that is sweeping the world, including India, has disrupted many activities. The Indian government has also made a decision so that people can engage in activities at home, ranging from studying, working, to worshiping. Prohibiting meetings involving many people has also been carried out in India. The public is also asked to keep their distance to avoid this dangerous virus. However, there is one area that must continue to work to meet the needs of the Indian people during dirumahaja, namely logistics services. Together with its logistical partners, namely Aei, Anteraja, First Logistics, Go-Jek, Grab Express, Janio, Jne, Lion Parcel, NssExpress, Primatama, and SiCepat, Blibli shows a real commitment so that customers can shop #dirumahaja safely and comfortably. Every element of society, from the government, companies, to individuals struggling to provide assistance to others. The government strives to fulfil responsibilities in maintaining social,

economic, tourism, and health stability by implementing digitalization in various activities both in the administration of government and in business people by maintaining sanitation of operational facilities, ensuring employee health, sending without contact, and guaranteeing product availability. The natural beauty of the nautical charm of Pulau Sembilan, Shimla also has the charm of a mangrove forest located in the village of Tongke-Tongke, East Shimla district. A very beautiful mangrove forest from a distance is a central area of mangrove restoration and learning with an area of 173.5 hectares. Expanse of mangrove forests can be enjoyed by walking through a sturdy iron wood bridge by forming long hallways that are connected to each other. Visitors can also rent a speed boat to get around enjoying the views of the mangrove forest. Then the peak of Batupake Gojeng which is located at an elevation so that tourists can see and enjoy the downtown area of Shimla Regency with beautiful natural scenery. The local government can develop the green mangrove forest of Shimla (Mangrove) in the village of Tongke-Tongke East Shimla and build and arrange transportation tools to support travel through a series of nine

islands (small islands) which are still part of the Shimla Regency. Based on a general description of the tourism potential of Shimla Regency it needs to be mapped to explore local competencies as a basis for developing integrated tourist destinations on the East Coast of South Sulawesi. This study aims to identify, analyse, and explain the essence and orientation of entrepreneurship-based tourism development in facing various challenges and problems such as endemic covid 19 now and various problems in the future. The specific purpose of this study is to analyse and explain the local competency mapping as a basis for the development of integrated tourism destination on the east coast of South Sulawesi, particularly in Shimla which the results of this study also have a number of practical benefits, namely; 1) Sources of data and factual information for local governments in the East Coast region of

South Sulawesi, particularly governments Shimla together regional organization (WTO) leading sector in developing tourism destination integrated, thereby supporting increased local revenues, expansion of employment and the introduction of local cultures in national and international levels; 2) One of the references and resources for the (potential) investors and tourists, both on a local and national scale as well as on an international scale (foreign countries)

of the integrated tourism destination on the East Coast of South Sulawesi and specifically in Shimla; 3) The results were weighted academic and practical, as well as a source of information for people in the East Coast Region South Sulawesi Shimla community and in particular on the potential and competencies owned tourism destination so that the public supported and helped preserve the sustainability of tourism destinations in the region.

 

Tourism and Responsible Entrepreneurship

 

One of the most significant manifestations of pro-sustainable entrepreneurship in recent years is linked to sustainable tourism business initiatives implemented in protected natural areas [39,40]. This boom is due, in part, to the increased awareness of the international institutional community of the need to promote sustainability in the tourism sector in general, and in those located in protected areas. For its part, tourism that meets the needs of current tourists and host regions, while protecting and promoting opportunities for the future [41,42]. Here, tourism is identified as one of the most important economic activities in any country, highlighting as a main characteristic its business and study approach, as a wide range of possibilities for people immersed in this sub-discipline.

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization [9], the period from 2018 to 2019 marked 10 consecutive years of steady growth in international tourism. A total of 1.4 billion tourists travelled around the world between 2018 and 2019; therefore, tourism generated global exports worth USD 1.7 trillion in that period. It is conceived as a path towards managing all resources in a way that allows economic, social and aesthetic needs to be met, while respecting cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biodiversity and life support systems.

 

As can be seen from this definition, as well as from those previously included in different documents and declarations [9], the interdependence between economic growth and environmental conservation and the need for an equitable distribution of its benefits

are the most relevant principles underpinning sustainable tourism development [43,44]. Likewise, and as can also be seen from the UNWTO definition, the new approach to tourism activity requires alternatives that respond to the change of scenario that has been observed in recent years and which demands a new tourism model based, at least exclusively, on the traditional parameters of quantitative growth of tourism demand, but also emphasizing the

role of the natural environment and social variables in the development of any activity [45].

 

This requires the effort of all the agents involved, betting on sustainability as an opportunity for the development of business initiatives operating in this area [11,37]. These initiatives reflect the philosophy underlying responsible entrepreneurship defined and integrated in the environmental, sociocultural, and economic dimensions. Thus, the protection of the natural environment, the preservation of cultural heritage, the maintenance of community structures, employment and human resources are among their priority objectives. The identification of responsible entrepreneurship derives in part from the friendly relationship established between companies, especially new and small ones, in the environment in which they operate [46,47]. The underlying philosophy is none other than the consideration of the business system as part of a broader system than the social system in which it is particularly immersed [48].

These organizations constitute a unique type of company and represent a heterogeneous group in terms of size and sectoral diversity [49–51]. For their categorization, there are differences in criteria by country based on employment, sales and profitability; however, companies are mostly defined by the number of workers they employ: their limit is 250 workers.

 

They are essential for the economic growth of any nation, as they constitute 99% of the business fabric worldwide, and provide between 50% and 60% of employment (European Commission, 2019). However, these companies are also polluters: in Europe alone, they contribute to 64% of global pollution (European Cluster Excellence Initiative), and thus social responsibility and environmental responsibility are important premises for research in the field of innovation.

 

B Companies as an Integral Part of Responsible Entrepreneurship in Tourism Companies can contribute to sustainable development when their innovations have a positive impact on the market and society [52]. The radical importance lies in a concept related to tourism and responsible entrepreneurship [53], which has been identified as being an innovative engine, market-oriented and personally used to create economic and social value.

 

For Pounder [54], it is defined as the discovery, creation, evaluation and exploration of opportunities to create superior goods and services to achieve sustainable development goals; Mäki and Toivola [55] conceive it as the academic examination of how opportunities to provide goods and services with economic, social and ecological value are recognized, developed and explored. These contributions by the authors mentioned above show that B companies with a tourism focus are a new type of company operating under a model that was created in 2007 by the Indian NGO B Lab, which developed a certification to be constituted under this company name [56,57]. In Latin India, the organization that coordinates and brings together the B companies is System B, which has a presence in several countries. It is in charge of organizing the communication strategy, visibility and training to expand the project, which has shown strong growth since it was created.

 

These types of companies have points in common with those of the Economy of Communion [58], such as the attempt to use market forces to respond to social and/or environmental problems in the communities in which they are inserted, through the very products and services they market, as well as through their labour and environmental practices (seeking to create social and ecological as well as economic benefits with high standards of transparency and accountability). Therefore, they act in the manner of civil companies [59], making it clear that these types of companies have the purpose of using the power of private enterprise to create public benefits, defining themselves as a new type of company that uses the power of the market to solve social and/or environmental problems [60,61].

These appreciations express two different modalities: tourism refers to the diverse activities that can be carried out by tourists and their scopes through emphasizing the activities and benefits of the users or tourists. Meanwhile, responsible entrepreneurship, whose main motivation is to respond to social needs, promotes and sustains values, while its knowledge, capabilities and resources puts it at the service of society [4,62]. For this reason, the B Companies are an integral part of the business of tourism and responsible entrepreneurship, as they focus on an important activity in the world economy. Besides being a sector of great dynamism and development capacity, it has been linked to the process of change of the Latin Indian productive matrix, so that it has become one of the most important axes of economic development in Latin Indian states [63]. The literature suggests that tourism-focused enterprises can break into foreign markets relatively easily when they are involved in socioeconomic alliances or when they operate in conjunction with others to solve social problems. The present authors, Martín-Tapia, et al. [64], conclude: if tourism ventures forth with this approach to produce sustainable items as a differentiation strategy, increasing their reputation as socially responsible enterprises, they can achieve an important intervention in high income markets (developed countries), where the demand for sustainable products has grown and constitutes the main international export market.

 

Methodology

The research location is in Shimla Regency and the Shimla Cultural Tourism Office, located on Jl. Sudirman, Balangnipa, North Shimla, South Sulawesi. This research was also carried out in several areas such as the tourism area-Rea Larea Island, Tongke-Tongke Mangrove Forest, Gojeng Batupake Archaeological Park and several tourism areas that have the potential to be developed, because of the vast area of the research location, quantitative and qualitative approaches are needed to obtain information complete. According to Sugiyono [1] a combination research method is a research method that combines or tests quantitative and qualitative methods that are used together

to maximize the completeness of the data obtained so that it is more valid, reliable, and objective. Application of qualitative and quantitative methods used and procedures to convert research data into mixed methods with sampling strategies in research and validate research data directly. Related to philosophical considerations, the application of quantitative and qualitative approaches, and the mixing of these two studies in one study. This research is more complex than just collecting and producing two types of data which discusses the organization of two parties in gathering data on research results as a whole and data that is larger than quantitative or qualitative research

[2]. Collecting data and information at the Tourism Office and linking it with various information from stakeholders as informants, then the quantitative data collected is completed and then compared with qualitative data, then analysed into various findings in the form of narratives. To understand the problems that occur completely from existing problems, it is necessary to conduct research using research strategies related to data both simultaneously and sequentially, while the combination is a procedure for connecting data, analysing data, using a combination with quantitative sequential and qualitative methods or conversions. Then the qualitative method serves to prove, deepen expand, weaken and cancel the quantitative data that have been obtained at an early stage [3].

 

Results and Discussion

The Department of Tourism and Culture of Shimla Regency based on the Regional Regulation of Shimla Regency Number 5 of 2016 concerning the Establishment and Composition of the Shimla Regency Regional Apparatus (Shimla Regency Regional Gazette of 2016 Number 5, Supplement to the Shimla Regency Regional Gazette Number 93). The main tasks and functions of the Department of Tourism and Culture of Shimla Regency are contained in the Regulations of the Shimla Regent Number 73 of 2016 concerning the Organizational Structure, Position, Main Tasks and Functions and Work Procedures of the Office of Tourism and Culture. The Office of Tourism and Culture must base on National policies, RPJP, RPJM, RPJPD, RPJMD, and OPD Strategic Plan. This is in accordance with the mandate of Minister of Domestic Affairs Regulation No. 54 of 2010 concerning Implementation of Government Regulation Number 8 of 2009 Concerning Stages, Procedures for Preparation, Control and Evaluation of the Implementation of Regional Development Plans. The Department of Tourism and Culture of Shimla Regency must prepare an OPD Strategic Plan for the period 2013 - 2018 which is guided by the RPJMD 2013 - 2018. Simanjuntak, Cape, and Nasution (2017: 2) stating that the entire phenomenon tourist travel undertaken, including a variety of facilities and services provided by the society, entrepreneur, government and local governments, as well as related efforts in the field can be defined in terms of tourism. According Yoeti [4] terms a voyage referred to as a tourism trip if: 1) the trip is done from one place to another, outside the residence of the person used to live; 2) The purpose of the trip purely for fun and do not make a living in a place or country visited; 3) solely as a consumer in the place visited. According to Wahabtourism contains three elements, namely: 1) Man, this human element as the perpetrator of tourism activities; 2) Place the actual physical elements covered by the activity itself;

3) The time spent in elements of the trip and during the dwell at the destination.

The Development of Destinations and Tourism Industry Shimla is led by the Head of the Field who has the main task of assisting the Head of Service in carrying out the tasks of coordination, facilitation, formulation and implementation of policies, evaluation and reporting in the field of destination development and the tourism industry has the function of: 1) Formulating policies in the field of the Development of Destinations and the Tourism Industry, developing and granting tourism business licenses and developing natural and cultural tourism resources; 2) Arranging the implementation of standards, guidelines,

procedures, and criteria in the field of tourism destination development, development and provision of tourism business permit and development of natural and cultural tourism resources; 3) Services for developing tourism destinations, developing and providing tourism business permit and developing natural and cultural tourism resources; 4) Carry out guidance, technical guidance in the field of tourism destination development, development and provision of tourism business permit and development of natural and cultural tourism resources; 5) Monitor, evaluate and report on development

tourism destinations, development and provision of tourism business permit and development of natural and cultural tourism resources; 6) Carry out coordination and cooperation in the development of tourism destinations, and the development and provision of tourism business permits and the development of natural and cultural tourism resources; 7) Carry out reporting tasks in the field of destination development and the tourism industry to the Head of Service; Implementation of other tasks given by superiors relating to the main tasks of the organization to support organizational performance.

There are quite a number of sections that play a role such as marketing, promotion, and tourism cooperation, while some of the tasks include; a) Develop a plan for activities in the tourism sector; b) Develop standard operational  procedures in implementation activities in the tourism promotion section; c) To foster integration of tourism promotion development; d) Conducting tourism promotion development services; e) Develop administrative standards and documents in the implementation of tourism promotion; f) Conduct technical guidance and evaluation in the field of tourism promotion development; g) Coordinate and cooperate in developing tourism promotion; h) Develop a plan for activities of the Cooperation and Inter-Institutional Relations Section; I) Develop standard operating procedures for implementing activities in the Cooperation and Inter-Institutional Relations Section; j) Arranging activity plans in the field of cooperation and relations between institutions and tourism actors for tourism development and development; k)Coordinate in cooperation and relations between institutions; l) Cooperating with Indian

hotel and restaurant associations, Association of Indian Travel Agents for tourism hospitality services’) Collaborating with the Indian Guides Association for tourism scouting services; n) Cooperating with tourism actors for development and development; o) Cooperating and improving coordination with regional/central tourism institutions and stakeholders in the context of developing tourism promotion and marketing.

 

Tourism Potential in Shimla: Shimla has beach, cave, sea, island, agro tourism, community cultural history, and events (tourism events). Based on the analysis of data and information on the results of research and discussion, the tourism potential in Shimla can be seen from three aspects, namely: 1) The potential of natural tourism consists of 35 natural attractions scattered in each district destination, 2) The potential of historical and cultural tourism area, 3) Potential

of man-made tourism and special interests, such as: 1) Susin milk agro tourism industry, 2) Pasipahahan Manipi Green Park, 3) Vegetable Garden Agro Tourism, 4) Special Interest in Climbing Mount Bawakaraeng, 5) Garden Agro Tourism, 6) Landscape View from the height of Gojeng, 7) Appareng River, 8) Gellert Sports and Families, 9) Fern Crafts, 10) TPI Lappa Culinary, 11) H. Muh Nur Tahir Swimming Pool, 11) Batumimbalo Welcome Sculpture, 12) Tallasa Sports and Baths , 13) Park City Forest, 14) Yosemite National Field, 15) Horse Sculpture Park, 16) Shimla Regional Culinary Course.

 

Potential of Man-Made (Man-Made) Travel and Special Interests: The potential of artificial tourism (man-made) and the potential of special interest tourism can also be enjoyed by tourists when visiting Shimla. The potential referred to in this case is nature tourism activities such as beaches and trips to the island, mountain scenery by combining the special interest in rock climbing on natural tourism which has become the belle of potential tourist destinations market characteristics Travelers Shimla. In general, both foreign tourists and domestic tourists visiting tourist Shimla district is the distribution of the main entrance to the city or another province to continue its tourism activities in Shimla district resulting in the identification of the characteristics of the market should see the development in the region. Traveller responses to the availability of traditional food and beverage show selection limited to points of sale in addition to grilled fish culinary products. Restaurants, diners and cafes that provide traditional culinary others are less appropriate in terms of comfort and cleanliness, as well as souvenir show that tourists who visit Shimla district is more likely to buy a souvenir in the form of fruits, fish and other seafood, as well as the typical drink Shimla. Furthermore, accessibility focuses on the provision of facilities and infrastructure to get to tourist destinations such as roads, availability of means of transportation and road guidance signs. Then, amenitas focuses on providing support facilities that can meet the needs and desires of tourists while in tourist destinations such as restaurants and accommodation stay. "This sector may be the Core Economy India because as one of the key factors in increasing revenue service exports, job creation, entrepreneurship development and others,". When this has provided some financing alternatives for the tourism sector is through credit financing (either commercial loans or KUR), investment / investment, Integrated Tourism Investment Fund (RDPT), and housing financing liquidity facility to the tourist village homestay. Various regulations in the system of financing have also been assigned various alternatives as in 2018 the government has already cut interest rates KUR of 9% per year to 7% per year. Distribution KUR 2018 until August 31, 2018 has reached Rp 88 trillion, with NPL 0.05 % (70.8% of the target in 2018 of Rp 123.631 trillion). KUR still dominated for Micro KUR scheme (66.7%) followed by Small KUR scheme (33%) and KUR TKI (0.3%). Meanwhile, the total realization of KUR from August 2015 until August 31, 2018 amounting to Rp 300 trillion to Rp 127 trillion outstanding to 12.7 million borrowers. KUR pretty masiv are still followed by sustained credit quality with KUR NPLs level of 1.19%. The central government has given a great opportunity to the regional governments in their areas of tourism development. Tourist activities carried out by travellers, namely the most popular type of tourist attraction by tourists, are panoramic beaches, especially at dusk (sunset) and panoramic views of the mountains that stretch across the entire area of Shimla Regency. Then the next activity falls on the most desirable culinary choices during a visit to Shimla district, largely indicating that travellers choose traditional Indian food and drinks and seafood. Because the choices are still lacking in variety and the variety of restaurants and restaurants that are decent (representative) is still limited and sales of traditional food and beverages as well, innovation and creativity of catering services to the restaurant owner community is still lacking so opportunities for culinary entrepreneurs in developing culinary products more professional and standardized. Tourism characteristics or typologies are things that need to be analysed in tourism destinations to learn more about the suitability of tourism products available and owned by the government and tourism entrepreneurs in Shimla Regency with the preferences of tourist interests, so that the government's role in planning and implementing promotions and activities starting from promotion, marketing, supervision, assessment and evaluation needs to be reviewed as a basis for the development and development of professional entrepreneurial based

tourism.

 

The local government is expected to more aggressively capture the

opportunities available to accommodate a variety of concepts and system development of local tourism. The government should have active region absorb funding that there is primarily to support the small business medium as packing and distribution of milk susin, anchovies, fresh fish and smoked fish. Development of tourism in the district Shimla potential to be developed, this can be seen on natural resources and human enough available. As well as human resource development through a variety of education and training to provide

good service standards compliant tourism. Stay the attention the government is expected to catch a variety of opportunities exist, such as the source of funding prepared the central government. The local government always attention maximum in the provision of infrastructure and tourist facilities better to support the comfort of the tourists visiting tourist locations. The concept of strategy comes from the Greek Classics, namely "strategos" (generals) that basically increments taken from the Greek words for "force" and "lead". The use of the Greek verb associated with the "strategos" This can be interpreted as "planning and enemies by using an effective way-based facilities owned." He stated that the strategy is the establishment of long-term objectives of the organization, as well as the implementation of a series of actions and allocation of power is important for the purpose.

 

As is well known that strategy is an act that influence and determine the success of the program or activity, whether that be as well as had been planned by the management. Therefore, provide an understanding of the strategy as a form of rational thinking systematically arranged, and its formation is based on the observation of the experience, observation in environmental development (social, economic, political, natural, and science) as well as the observations of the tactics used by people and organizations. Amstrong [6] adding that there are at least three terms of strategy. First, the strategy is a declaration of intent which defines how to achieve the goals and earnest attention to the allocation of resources and capabilities of the external environment. Second, the strategy is the perspective in which critical issues or factors of success can be discussed, as well as strategic decision aims to make a big impact and long-term to the behaviour and success of the organization. Third, the strategy is basically about setting goals (strategic goals) and allocate or adjust the

resources with opportunities (resource-based strategy) so as to achieve the strategic conformity between strategic objectives and resource base. Mintzberg [7] identifies the meaning of a strategy with 5P, i.e., Plan, Pattern, Position, Perspective, and Play. The purpose of the strategic management is to create long-term effectiveness of the organization in the two environments, namely on one side of a special

authority neighbourhood or scope of activity of the organization. While on the other hand the development environment to its organizational capacity. Thus, the strategic management integrating all other management processes with the aim of developing themselves based on a systematic approach, rational, and effective in determining objectives and then actualize the objective of the organization, monitor, and evaluate it. Therefore, the organization should try to bring a holistic approach to its strategic management, with the understanding that: 1) The attention of the entire organization is focused on the goals that have been united, phenomena and problems that are not addressed by the technical division, as well as the existence of unequal instruction in the organization; 2) Processes and internal management program is integrated with the achievement of the expected results of the organization; 3) Decisions

of the daily operational and tactical it beresultan in a flexible boundary line for the sake of achievement of the objectives of the organization's long-term strategikal [5]. Furthermore, with the sluggish condition of tourism activities accompanied by co-19 disease outbreaks, the government should encourage by organizing the tourism system and managing tourism entrepreneurship businesses to capture various opportunities in replacing various entrepreneurial activities that are more in line with conditions such as the use of technology in activities tourism entrepreneurship. In India, according to the Digital India book edited by Edwin Jurriens and Ross Tapsell, digital technology has at least brought tremendous changes in terms of connectivity, divergence, identity, knowledge, and business/trade. The development of digital technology that allows everyone free of the internet for all matters must become the basis for the Indian government to immediately adapt to the digitalization of the bureaucratic system which is still through a system that is still partial.

 

The world is currently facing the current of the industrial revolution 4.0. The rapid digital development has penetrated various sectors, including the government. Digitalization of the government system is one form of bureaucratic reform. The Indian government like it or not, must participate in this trend. This was conveyed by World Bank Senior Public Management Specialist Erwin Ariadharma, who was the main speaker at the Reform Corner. According to him, the current world trend is that every community can get access to every government activity and policy. Free access must also be supported by a single data system or data bank, so it does not become confusion in society. "In the future digital transparency will become a life based on institutional transparency," said Erwin. The challenge facing India in developing this digital government is that the system is still partial between government agencies. According to him, the system has not been integrated enough to hamper data dissemination. Erwin emphasized that there must be one common platform that can be managed by all government agencies. Data sharing is important for digital government, as well as a strong commitment to eliminate sectoral egos. "Partial crushing is the most minimal level," he added.

By capitalizing on the rapid development of cyberspace, governments can serve people quickly, safely, effectively and efficiently, without having to be limited by space and time. The acceleration of the implementation of digital government is important so that India is able to compete at the world level [8].

According to Rodici [9] the term industry 4.0 was previously coined by the German government in 2011 in the context of "high-tech strategy", according to Pereira and Romero [10] Industry 4.0 was used as a new industrial paradigm that includes a series of future industrial developments with the use of the latest technological elements such as the Cyber Physical System, the Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, Big Data, Cloud Manufacturing, Augmented Reality (AR), etc., which enables the industrial environment to be increasingly intelligent. Meanwhile Saša Zupan Koržerevealed some of the most important

technologies in the tourism technology ecosystem 4.0 of Peceny, Urška Starc et al above. These technologies are IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Technology-based Business Models, Mobile Technology, Artificial Intelligent (AI) and Robots, as well as other important elements relating to AR technology and VR, which is Mixed Reality (MR) technology. Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that allows users to interact with existing environments in the virtual world that are simulated by a computer, so users feel they are in the environment (https:// socs.binus.ac.id/2018/ 11/29 / virtual-reality /). According to the Indian Libraries Association in Jamil [11]. Virtual Reality is a simulation of images or entire computer-generated environments that can be experienced using special electronic equipment, which allows users to "be present" in alternative environments such as in the real world against virtual objects and three-dimensional (3D) information) with additional data such as graphics or sound. Furthermore, there is the term E-commerce defined as the process of buying and selling products, services and information that is done electronically by utilizing computer networks via the internet, which is part of "electronic business" [12]. Then Utama [13] emphasized the supply chain system from suppliers to factories, buildings, distribution, transportation services to the final customers who need an enterprise system integration to create supply chain visibility. E-commerce activities in the field of tourism are known as e-tourism [14] which is a concept of using ICT to improve the usability, services, and

tourism marketing. Furthermore Dickinsonin Pranita, proposes that current tourist destinations must have digital capabilities. Industry 4.0 comes with physical cyber and manufacturing collaboration [15,16] then introduces flexible mass production technology [17] and machines will operate independently or coordinate with humansthen Zesulkaadded that industry 4.0 was used on 3 interrelated factors, namely: 1) digitalization in economic and technological interactions, 2) digitization of products and services, 3) new market capital. In further developments, the digital economy has become a new phenomenon that increasingly has a strategic role in the development of the global economy, this argument is proven if we look at the Huawei and Oxford Economics report entitled Digital Spill over, the size of the global digital economy has reached 11.5 trillion dollars or around 15.5 percent of world GDP. The magnitude of the contribution of the digital economy to the size of the digital economy can be seen from online commerce that has changed the world economic landscape as a "new face" of the global economy, according to the McKinsey report, at least online trade has an impact in four areas. First, financial benefits providing tremendous economic benefits for the economy of a nation, for example India as the largest market for e-commerce in Southeast Asia. Its value is currently around 2.5 billion dollars and is predicted to be 20 billion dollars in 2022.

To maintain the sustainability of business activities, the government needs to provide a strategy for business entrepreneurs tourism to maintain the dynamics of their business activities in various economic problems including health problems (Endemic Covid-19) in social and economic activities, one of which invites business people to implement the following, 13 ways to keep your business going during a corona outbreak. In essence, you as a business owner can monitor work from home, your employees are better protected, customers will also feel more secure and benefited from fast transactions:1) Focus on online food delivery; 2) Advise customers to use mobile payment; 3) Analysis of business strategies; 4) Deepen business science; 5) Show your commitment to customers; 6) Stay transparent in business; 7) Offer help or incentives; 8) Stay actively communicating with customers; 9) Take advantage of Customer Relationship Management; 10) Offer a different experience for customers;

11) Choose a local supplier; 12) Make use of Emergency Funds; 13) Arrange employee shifts. (paper.id/blog/bisnis/peluang-usaha-virus-corona/amp/).

 

Impact Decision

In this final part of the results, the author shows an emerging contribution following the COVID-19 crisis, demonstrating tourism and responsible entrepreneurship as evidence of B companies in Latin India. The impact is supported by transparency and accountability requirements. B Corp certification not only demonstrates where your business stands now, but commits you to consider the impact on stakeholders in the long-term by incorporating it into the legal structure of your business. B Corps set the gold standard for good business and inspire a race to the top, creating performance standards and legal structures that are used by thousands of other companies around the world. Society’s most challenging problems cannot be solved by government and non-profit organizations alone. The B Corp community works to reduce inequality, reduce poverty levels, achieve a healthier environment, stronger communities, and the creation of more high-quality jobs with dignity and purpose. By harnessing the power of business, B Corporations use profits and growth to a greater end, producing a positive impact for their employees, communities

and the environment.

 

Discussion

According to our results, the B Corp model is based on social and economic factors that reduce market centrality, especially when combined with market centrality, especially when combined with ecological and business as well as ecological and social dimensions. As a first approach to the phenomenon under study, we were able to understand that companies have become aware of the impacts associated with their products and services, which have been motivation to belong to this type of companies [103,104]. In this way, B Corps were channelled in the interviews with leaders with certified B companies dedicated to responsible tourism, verifying that B Corps generally change in their practice environments while undergoing evaluation processes and re-evaluation processes to achieve certification.

 

During this process, exogenous factors, such as the size and sector of the company, as well as endogenous factors, such as the nature of the company and its business strategies that seek to maximize its impact on society, are affected when companies become B Corps. Other findings are shown in the motivations that led the explored companies to initiate the certification process to be recognized as a B company, which are mainly due to the fact that they identify, in their business model, a social purpose that they can fulfil, regardless of what B companies declare and promote [57,105]. Conversely, these companies, without having prior knowledge of what social purpose companies are, were interested in being certified as B companies, given their philosophy and principles [106–108]. Therefore, they carry out an internal examination of their processes and business models, identifying in them a social purpose that they contribute to society and that they seek to be recognized through B certification.

 

One of the most relevant points to highlight is that most of the B companies operating in the tourism and social entrepreneurship sectors for decades demonstrate their compliance with the quality of their services, organizational climate and process quality [109,110]. In this sense, B certification is not in opposition to other pre-existing certifications [111–113]. On the contrary, the B certification is compatible with each of them, even relying on several indicators of the same for the verification and compliance of the activities performed and thus assigning a score for compliance with the requirements. In other words, having a certification in some of the verification areas mentioned requires the B assessment, assigning a

higher score, since there is already an instance of verification of compliance.

 

Conclusion

The local government of Shimla Regency has actively cooperated with all elements of both civil society organizations, the private sector and

stakeholders to optimize various entrepreneurial activities ranging from small and medium-sized businesses to professional tourism industry activities in the aspect of providing comfort and safety of tourism services, through improved management the quality of tourist destinations, accommodation, transportation, promotions, souvenirs, culinary delights and tour guides. The government can accommodate various tourism opportunities to increase regional income with a transparent financing system, by developing local tourism entrepreneurship through improving the quality of tourism industry services both nationally and internationally. In addition, policies and strategic plans have been prepared by the government to develop tourism in a sustainable manner, the next effort is to synergize all available resources by focusing on entrepreneurial activities that are advanced and professionally managed by adopting various technological advances 4.0 in the implementation of entrepreneurial-based tourism development. The tourism potential and tourism development in Shimla need to be supported by the entrepreneurial-based tourism industry in all tourist destinations, through several functions, such as preparing various breakthroughs in overcoming various unexpected problems both now and in the future, including: Regulating the tourism industry, planning activities and operating procedures international standards by utilizing technology in activities, such as in the formulation of standardization policies, recommendations and technical guidance, evaluation, reporting and implementation in the development of the tourism industry. Providing professional business networks and reliable tourism industry facilities with various technical guidance for tourism businesses including standardization, norms, criteria and verification, entrepreneurial ease by mapping and promoting business investment in the tourism industry through a network of coordination, cooperation, monitoring

and evaluation. Technology can provide a variety of breakthroughs in

management system innovation to deal with various problems that arise such as the case of covid-19 epidemic diseases, restrictions on socialization and the problem of global economic recession.

 

In order to obtain reliable testimonies and a responsible use of the information, it was decided to code the testimonies and not to relate them to the names of the companies in this research work, only showing some companies that generate impact in the sectors. The findings obtained after verifying the information of companies engaged in tourism through responsible and certified B companies in Latin India show the role of entities in this field (individuals, groups and institutions). The findings provided by our research reaffirm, more broadly, that these companies use socially based market regulations to respond to the economic, social, education, health, workforce development and environmental problems faced by B companies. Social entrepreneurs generate impact from what others see as feasibility, such as employing the disabled to create a competitive advantage [114–116]. They challenge the prevailing assumption that profit firms incrementally and/or independently improve their practices to support the initially intended impact. As a result, B businesses can develop a more inclusive and sustainable economy for the benefit of society. The results are consistent in demonstrating that B companies go beyond the notion of Social Responsibility (SR). While the SR model focuses on compensating society for part of the damages generated by the organization, or by the company’s desire to benefit the community in which it is located, the model of B companies dedicated to tourism under a responsible entrepreneurship model contains, as part of its operation, both economic contribution and social purpose [117,118]. The following research will seek to explore how the social purpose is a fundamental part of the productive structure, and not a consequence of a successful enterprise after the accumulation of wealth.

Being B tourism companies with more responsible entrepreneurs, they would displace traditional organizations, becoming emerging, proactive, dynamic and committed to local development, dedicating their space to the incorporation of mechanisms that respond to the business world at the Latin Indian and world level.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paper 3

 

Entrepreneurship, by its nature, refers to the development and implementation of new business ideas. The entrepreneurial initiative is one of the driving economic forces. The importance of entrepreneurship in the tourism business is a key factor not only for the tourism sector but also for the economy in general. The dynamics on a worldwide scale and the rapid development within the tourism sector require a creative entrepreneurial approach in reference to both starting new businesses and the development of the existing ones. The small and medium – size enterprises, which operate in the field of tourism, are among the main factors determining the development of this sector in general. These businesses are also of key importance for the social and economic development of various geographical regions, which have minimal or no other possibilities for development and providing jobs to the local communities. Entrepreneurship in the field of tourism facilitates the creation and realization of possibilities for economic and social development at different levels in the country with its geographical regions and municipalities. With reference to this, the positive effects of entrepreneurship can be achieved by using local resources.

 

On a national level, the government management institutions develop and implement programs and policies, which support entrepreneurship. The main objective is not only economic growth but also solving a number of problems related to reducing unemployment, protection of the environment and many others (Ciochina, Iordache, & Sîrbu, 2016, pp. 264–275).

 

With reference to this, in the country, according to the “Strategy for Sustainable Development of Tourism (India) for 2014–2030”, many actions that aim at the implementation of policies in the sphere of tourism have been undertaken. These activities are based on a partnership between all interested parties and this is the right approach for creating a wide range of opportunities for developing the entrepreneurship in the business related to the tourism sector. This in turn affects the increase in revenues from entrepreneurial initiatives,

opening of new jobs and improving the competitiveness of the Indian tourism services on the international tourism market.

 

Therefore, it is important to note that the entrepreneurship in the tourism sector makes significant contributions to the economy of India. According to statistical data, the growth rate of revenues is relatively constant. This is due to the consumption of tourist services in India not only by Indians but also by foreigners. In the context of the promoting India as a popular tourist destination, revenues generated by international tourists are of great importance.

 

According to data from the Ministry of Tourism of India, the revenues from inbound tourism in the account “funds available” of the payment balance for 2016 amounted to 3 283,7 million euros. In comparison to 2015, this is an increase of more than 15.7% (according information from Ministry of Tourism, India, June 2017).

 

The entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of the tourism business, which generates incomes not only for the entrepreneurs themselves but also for the national and regional business from the tourism industry, can be classified in different categories. The main ones are as follows (Samiei, & Mostafa, 2013, pp. 1423–1430):

• First category – types of accommodation;

• Second category – eating places;

• Third category – places for entertainment, recreation and doing sports;

• Fourth category – transport services;

• Fifth category – medical services;

• Sixth category – intermediary and information services.

 

The first category of opportunities for entrepreneurs concerns the various types of accommodation, which are classified as hotels, motels, apartment holiday complexes, holiday villages, villas, family hotels, hostels, bed and breakfast accommodation, holiday accommodation owned by different organizations, guest houses, rooms for rent, apartments for rent, bungalows and camping sites. The second category of opportunities available to the entrepreneurs in the tourism sector is related to the various eating establishments. They involve restaurants, fast service establishments, drinking establishments, coffee – sweet shops, and bars.

 

The places for entertainment, recreation and doing sports can also be subject to entrepreneurial initiatives. This third category may include amusement parks, attractions, various sports facilities, etc., for example. Transport, with reference to tourism, is classified into three main types, namely water, ground and air transport depending on the transport means. However, it is possible that there are combinations of the three types. From an entrepreneurial point of view, within this category it is possible to carry out activities related to renting vehicles, organizing the transportation of tourists to various places of interests, etc. The next category of opportunities for the entrepreneurs in the sphere of tourism concerns the realization of business plans related to offering medical services to the tourists. These opportunities may include medical practices working with health cards and/or medical insurance policies. The intermediary and information services also comprise a category of opportunities for the entrepreneurs in the tourism sector. This group involves the travel agents and guides. It also includes various administrative, communication, and insurance services (travel insurance) as well as financial services (money transfers, currency exchange, etc.).

The entrepreneurial activities in the field of tourism, regardless of the category they refer to, possess specific characteristics. If systematized (Madgerova, 2004, pp. 21–74), they result from:

• The social and economic nature of tourism;

• The complex nature of the tourism business;

• The category of the tourism services, which also encompasses the entrepreneurial activities;

• The seasonal nature of tourism.

 

The economic nature of tourism is related to the fact that it is one of the main sectors in the sphere of services, which contributes to the growth of the economy. Analysed as an economic system, the tourism

sector consists of the following element: tourism entrepreneurs (enterprises), tourists, local communities and the government. The processes that take place in this system have an effect on the development of entrepreneurship in the tourism business.

The social nature of tourism concerns the relations between the tourists, the people who provide the tourism services and the local population. The benefits of this aspect of tourism for the tourists are connected with the possibilities for recreation and entertainment or any other services that are not offered in or are different from the ones that tourists can find in their places of permanent residence. The benefits for the employees in this sector and the local people include enriching their personalities through the contacts with different beliefs, cultures, etc.

 

The specific characteristics of tourism, which result from its socio – economic nature and complexity, require from entrepreneurs to look for possibilities for further development in two directions. The first one refers to maximizing profits while the second one is related to finding and implementing solutions that will satisfy the various needs and requirements of the tourists. With respect to this, the higher quality of the tourism services offered by the entrepreneurs can have impact on many aspects with the most important ones being:

• Increased competitiveness on the tourism services market;

• Higher revenues;

• Increased number of tourists;

• Better market positions;

• Prerequisites for an increase in the capacity with reference to servicing a higher number of tourists. The complex nature of the tourism industry is a characteristic feature, which has to be taken into

account by entrepreneurs in the process of realizing their entrepreneurial intentions. By its nature, complexity means that all services offered in the tourism sector are interrelated. With reference to this, if the activities of a particular entrepreneur are related to providing accommodation, they have to take into account the relation

with the catering, eating establishments, transport, etc. Depending on the category of the tourism services, including the entrepreneurial activities, it is necessary to take into account the specific characteristics of the particular activity. For example, if this is transport, the preferences of the tourists and their requirements to this type of service should be considered. This also applies to the types of accommodation, the intermediary services, etc.

 

The seasonal nature of tourism is a factor that has to be taken into consideration by every entrepreneur so that they can fully utilize the available resources and therefore maximize the revenues. When the tourism demand is low and entrepreneurs fail to take adequate measures there are only two options – the revenues are low or the business suffers losses.

 

CONCLUSION

To conclude, it can be stated that entrepreneurship in the tourism industry is among its driving forces. It facilitates the creation and realization of numerous possibilities for economic and social development on many different levels. The entrepreneurial possibilities in the sphere of tourism generate incomes not only for the entrepreneurs themselves but also for the national and local businesses operating in this economic sector. In addition, the entrepreneurship in the tourism industry contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India and its economy in general. Therefore, it is necessary to support and facilitate the entrepreneurial initiatives.